New Mexico

Events: Gallup Inter-Tribal Indian Ceremonial, Gathering of Nations, Santa Fe Indian Market, tribal feast days, Zuni Harvest Festival
Dances: corn dance, buffalo dance, deer dance, Matachines dance
Food: fry bread, grilled corn, oven bread

Matachines Dance

Matachines (Spanish matachin, or religious dancer) are bands of mummers or in Mexico usually found in northern Mexico especially in La Laguna Region (Coahuila and Durango), Sinaloa and Chihuaha. They are also very popular in Northern New Mexico and around the Rio Grande, specifically in the border cities of El Paso, Texas, Juarez, Chihuaha (Mexico) and Las Cruces, New Mexico who wander from village to village or from house to house dancing and hosting several Roman Catholic celebrations. Even though they dance and host celebrations through out the year, they're most important performing season is Advent (mostly because the day of Our Lady of Guadalupe falls in that season on December 12th and she is celebrated starting December and ending about one week before Christamas Eve). The dancers are known for playing in rough-and-ready style a set drama based on the history of Montezuma. Even though the dances are based on this story, people who join the Matachines do it for a deeper religious purpose, since most of them join to venerate either Mother Mary (Our Lady of Guadalupe, Our Lady of Lourdes, Immaculate conception, etc...), a saint , or simply to worship Christ or God the Holy Trinity.

Dressed in fantastic Indian costumes, the chief characters are El Monarca the monarch (Montezuma), the captains (usually consits of 2-4 and are Montezuma's main generals), La Malinche, or Malintzin, the Indian mistress of Hernán Cortés; El Toro, the bull, the malevolent comic man of the play (also symbolizes satan), dressed in buffalo skin with the animal's horns on his head; Abuelo, the grandfather, and Abuela, grandmother. With the help of a chorus of dancers they portray the desertion of his people by Montezuma, the luring of him back by the wiles and smiles of Malinche, the final reunion of king and people and the killing of El Toro, who is supposed to have made all the mischief. Many symbolism is seen in these groups. The most basic symbol of the dance is good vs. evil, and good prevailing. Montezuma and la Malinche represent good, and the bull who represents mischief, Hernan Cortes, represent Satan or evil.

The indian costumes, the rattles, the arch and the bow are all blessed by a priest, and as he blesses the equipment of that group, it signifies that the priest has aggreed to adopt the specific dancing group for that specific church. The dances performed by the matachines, though, have significant symbolism, for example, the dances are prayers and through these prayers and symbolism, they are able to host celebrations, such as rosaries, and or a celebration venerating and or honoring Mary, a saint, or worshiping God (note: neither mary or any saint is worshiped in these celebrations; the celebrations usually only honor or venerate these key figures. Only God is worshiped in a celebration like this).

This dance is indo-hispanic in New Mexico

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